Chairside CAD/CAM materials. Part 1: Measurement of elastic constants and microstructural characterization

Author(s)

Renan Belli, Michael Wendler, Dominique de Ligny, Maria Rita Cicconi, Anselm Petschelt, Herwig Peterlik, Ulrich Lohbauer

Abstract

Objective A deeper understanding of the mechanical behavior of dental restorative materials requires an insight into the materials elastic constants and microstructure. Here we aim to use complementary methodologies to thoroughly characterize chairside CAD/CAM materials and discuss the benefits and limitations of different analytical strategies. Methods Eight commercial CAM/CAM materials, ranging from polycrystalline zirconia (e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent), reinforced glasses (Vitablocs Mark II, VITA; Empress CAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent) and glass-ceramics (e.max CAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent; Suprinity, VITA; Celtra Duo, Dentsply) to hybrid materials (Enamic, VITA; Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE) have been selected. Elastic constants were evaluated using three methods: Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS), Resonant Beam Technique (RBT) and Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo (PE). The microstructures were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Results Young's modulus (E), Shear modulus (G), Bulk modulus (B) and Poisson's ratio (ν) were obtained for each material. E and ν reached values ranging from 10.9 (Lava Ultimate) to 201.4 (e.max ZirCAD) and 0.173 (Empress CAD) to 0.47 (Lava Ultimate), respectively. RUS showed to be the most complex and reliable method, while the PE method the easiest to perform but most unreliable. All dynamic methods have shown limitations in measuring the elastic constants of materials showing high damping behavior (hybrid materials). SEM images, Raman spectra and XRD patterns were made available for each material, showing to be complementary tools in the characterization of their crystal phases. Significance Here different methodologies are compared for the measurement of elastic constants and microstructural characterization of CAD/CAM restorative materials. The elastic properties and crystal phases of eight materials are herein fully characterized.

Organisation(s)

Dynamics of Condensed Systems

External organisation(s)

Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universidad de Concepción

Journal

Dental Materials

Volume

33

Pages

84-98

No. of pages

15

ISSN

0109-5641

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.009

Publication date

01-2017

Peer reviewed

Yes

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

103018 Materials physics, 302088 Dentistry

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Mechanics of Materials, Materials Science(all), Dentistry(all)

Portal url

https://ucris.univie.ac.at/portal/en/publications/chairside-cadcam-materials-part-1-measurement-of-elastic-constants-and-microstructural-characterization(55028a68-d8f2-4af2-9f90-8887baf1b53f).html